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What do forensic accountants do?

forensic accountant goes over financial files to investigate for fraud

Forensic accountants are unique investigators in the accounting landscape. They use their accounting background to investigate fraud, provide litigation support, analyze financial statements and identify prevalent risks. Once these factors are identified, forensic accountants calculate damages and losses, helping organizations take action, whether that be legal action or preventive measures.

Should I become a forensic accountant?

Many accountants report contentment and fulfillment in their positions, with a recent study ranking the accounting profession second among job happiness, with a score of 72.2 out of 100 points. Not only do accountants have high sentiments toward their careers, but they also have job security. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the accounting industry to grow 5% through 2035.

Similarly, the forensic accounting sector of accounting is expected to grow more than the standard rate, with Market Research Future reporting a 7.24% growth rate by 2032. As the business world continues to move to digital and outsource, businesses need accounting experts to uncover inaccuracies and fraud.

A career in forensic accounting might be the right fit if you enjoy solving problems, have critical thinking skills, and like working with numbers. In this article, we’ll explore what a career in forensic accounting entails, including the necessary skills, average pay ranges and how to get started.

A (forensic) case in point

American financier Bernie Madoff was notorious for his Ponzi scheme which lasted from 1999 to 2008 and was called “one of the largest financial frauds ever committed by an individual.” Madoff used his investment firm to defraud thousands of investors out of billions of dollars. Madoff’s schemes were investigated by a forensic accountant named Harry Markopolos.

How can I become a forensic accountant?

Forensic accountants need a mix of education, experience, and credentials. Here are four steps to becoming a forensic accountant:

Step 1: Earn a bachelor’s degree in accounting
Forensic accountants are experts in investigative accounting, meaning some formal educational background is required. Most forensic accountants pursue a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a bachelor’s in forensic accounting. However, some forensic accountants hold a finance degree. An associate degree can get your foot in the door, but it will be difficult to scale your career without a bachelor’s degree.

When choosing between bachelor’s degree programs and universities, it’s important to look at the class style, program length and topics covered. You want to choose a path that complements your existing lifestyle. For example, you might not want to take a full semester of in-person classes if you work full-time. In this scenario, an online program might fit best.

Step 2: Satisfy CPA or CFE rrequirements
Pursuing a Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license is common for forensic accountants. For one, some forensic accountants testify in court, meaning they need credentials to back their claims. Additionally, a CPA license expands your working knowledge about general accounting principles and requires continuing education, helping you stay informed on industry changes.

Each state will have different requirements to sit for the exam. However, 150 credit hours and one year of work experience are common. If your bachelor’s degree doesn’t meet the 150-credit hour minimum, you may need to pursue a master’s degree. After you meet the requirements to sit for the exam, expect to spend 12 to 18 months studying and passing each exam section. Another credential that forensic accountants hold is a Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) license. Like the CPA exam, the CFE exam is a four-part test with required education credits and work experience. This exam focuses on fraud schemes, law investigations and how to prevent fraud, making it important when pursuing a career as a forensic accountant.

Step 3: Obtain relevant work experience Forensic accounting is a niche sector of accounting. This makes it important to build your work experience and network. While you’re in school, look for internship programs and attend networking events. Many established forensic accountants are more than happy to take on a mentorship role and help you get your career started.  

Step 4: Complete continuing education requirements
CPAs are required to complete 80 credit hours of continuing education every two years. CFEs are required to take at least 20 hours of continuing education each year. Even if you don’t pursue a CPA or CFE license, taking regular continuing education can be beneficial to stay informed about industry changes and best practices.

What salary does a forensic accountant earn?

Since forensic accountants are a niche field in the accounting industry, the salary expectations are much higher than those of the average accountant. The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners estimates that the average CFE-certified accountant can make 32% more per year than a regular accountant. The average salary for an analyst is $79,000 per year with a CFE license and $62,000 per year without. The manager-level median pay is $98,700 per year with a CFE license and $76,985 without this credential. The BLS reports median annual accountant and auditor salaries below:

Accountants and Auditors
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10%$56,020

25%$67,020

50%$83,680Median

75%$109,810

90%$144,090

Median Hourly Wage$40

Job growth5%

Total Employment1,449,500

State Median Salary Bottom 10% Top 10%
Alabama $74,880 $50,240 $123,170
Alaska $83,460 $57,690 $125,810
Arizona $79,970 $55,430 $128,890
Arkansas $66,330 $45,810 $119,520
California $97,050 $61,770 $160,520
Colorado $97,030 $60,760 $162,160
Connecticut $97,550 $64,230 $156,670
Delaware $95,020 $60,500 $132,550
District of Columbia $111,530 $71,470 $185,220
Florida $79,250 $50,280 $131,930
Georgia $81,900 $51,830 $145,960
Hawaii $74,500 $49,860 $117,840
Idaho $74,730 $48,170 $121,820
Illinois $80,230 $54,510 $131,990
Indiana $77,720 $50,950 $125,880
Iowa $77,440 $51,420 $123,700
Kansas $79,000 $52,960 $129,800
Kentucky $75,270 $50,750 $121,230
Louisiana $73,810 $48,950 $117,110
Maine $77,480 $55,640 $125,130
Maryland $89,370 $59,760 $156,660
Massachusetts $99,460 $70,460 $160,100
Michigan $78,820 $52,620 $131,080
Minnesota $81,600 $58,280 $138,960
Mississippi $68,100 $45,440 $120,290
Missouri $76,590 $49,290 $128,300
Montana $75,810 $49,250 $125,290
Nebraska $72,080 $48,590 $114,530
Nevada $81,600 $58,630 $128,760
New Hampshire $83,470 $59,920 $131,110
New Jersey $100,830 $65,710 $167,080
New Mexico $78,580 $52,390 $125,420
New York $102,640 $63,700 $171,030
North Carolina $82,050 $53,610 $146,100
North Dakota $75,730 $49,330 $124,960
Ohio $79,320 $52,140 $131,400
Oklahoma $79,370 $47,670 $155,480
Oregon $85,800 $62,590 $130,650
Pennsylvania $79,000 $50,680 $130,270
Rhode Island $95,820 $59,920 $150,320
South Carolina $76,560 $50,370 $131,220
South Dakota $78,880 $61,190 $115,470
Tennessee $76,840 $49,920 $122,160
Texas $80,920 $53,380 $132,040
Utah $79,990 $48,770 $131,590
Vermont $78,890 $59,770 $118,800
Virginia $93,290 $60,000 $156,730
Washington $96,550 $66,330 $152,310
West Virginia $73,320 $49,240 $115,210
Wisconsin $79,400 $58,340 $127,800
Wyoming $77,620 $50,900 $126,520

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) 2025 median salary; projected job growth through 2035. Actual salaries may vary depending on location, level of education, years of experience, work environment, and other factors. Salaries may differ even more for those who are self-employed or work part time.

How do forensic accountants compare to other finance careers?

Forensic accountants have a specialized skill set, which is why they generally earn more than a staff accountant, or other general accounting roles. Here’s how the career compares to other related career fields:

Career Median Annual Salary
Accountants and Auditors $83,680
Financial Examiners $94,160
Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators $78,000
Forensic Science Technicians $72,060
Tax Preparers $54,920

Factors that impact salary

A forensic accountant’s salary is dependent on a few different factors. For one, each state will have different median pay rates. In addition, the sector you work in will have a large impact on your expected salary. The industries with the top median CFE-certified forensic accountant salaries are technology, manufacturing and professional services.

Experience also dictates your salary. The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners found that professionals with five to nine years of experience get paid 20% more. As you build up your experience and job history, expect your salary to also increase.

Metro Area Median Annual Salary
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA $121,700
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA $110,730
New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ $105,650
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV $102,140
Bridgeport-Stamford-Danbury, CT $102,020
Midland, TX $100,890
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV $100,420
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH $100,150
Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO $100,020
Boulder, CO $99,990

What being a forensic accountant is all about

Forensic accountants can take on a broad role in an organization, from helping generate internal reports to uncovering potential fraud schemes. Here are a few of the other main tasks of a forensic accountant:

  • Analyzing financial data for fraud, asset misappropriation and material misstatements.
  • Conducting interviews of company personnel to identify control weaknesses.
  • Creating compliant internal financial reports and statements.
  • Assisting upper management with decision-making surrounding risks and compliance.
  • Testifying in court proceedings on findings.

Each forensic accountant will have a different schedule, especially depending on the industry they work in. Here’s what a typical day might look like:

  • Respond to emails
  • Evaluate a sub-account for suspicious activity
  • Review internal controls
  • Create projections that identify accounts with a high risk of fraud
  • Sit in on a management meeting

Like most other accountants, forensic accountants work a traditional 9 to 5 workday. These hours can either be completed in an office setting or remotely.

Necessary skills and competencies

Forensic accounting is a technical career, requiring you to understand guiding laws and regulations that impact your organization. For example, you might evaluate a company’s balance sheet to ensure that all accounts are accurately presented according to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).

Other technical skills might include software use. Forensic accountants rely on technology to flag accounts and track data, making it important to be able to easily navigate different programs. Alongside technical skills, forensic accountants also need soft skills, like critical thinking, communication and time management.

Where forensic accountants work

Forensic accountants have flexibility in where they work. Let’s explore a few of the job titles and environments your career can take you.

Job titles

  • Staff forensic accountant: This is an intro-level position.
  • Senior forensic accountant: After a few years of experience, you will move into a senior position.
  • Manager: Once you have another few years of experience, you will transition to a management position.
  • Senior manager: The next stop after manager is a senior manager.
  • Partner: Partner is the highest level for a forensic accountant in a company.   

Possible work environments

Forensic accountants have options when it comes to their work environment. For one, a forensic accountant can work as a part of an accounting firm. Another option is to work in a private company. Finally, forensic accountants can freelance or start their own business.

Tips to help you stand out as a candidate for forensic accountant positions

Securing your dream job as a forensic accountant can be done by standing out amongst other candidates. Here are some top strategies to differentiate yourself from other candidates:

  • Pursue a CFE or CPA license
  • Grow your professional network
  • Set clear career goals and expectations
  • Build up your work experience
  • Focus on your soft skills
  • Demonstrate your commitment to lifelong learning
  • Practice public speaking

Professional organizations to join

Surrounding yourself with like-minded individuals and professionals is one of the best ways to grow your network and open the door to new career opportunities. Here are some top professional organizations to join:

Your local area might also have organizations and professional groups for you to join.

Frequently asked questions

Do forensic accountants need a CFE or CPA license?

Although these credentials aren’t required, they can be helpful to expand your knowledge and generate more promotion abilities.   

What is the difference between a CPA and a CFE license?  

A CPA license focuses on general accounting principles, while a CFE license covers fraud examinations and investigations.   

Do all forensic accountants need to testify in court?

No, forensic accountants can choose their projects. However, forensic accountants who offer independent investigations are more likely to testify when a company brings fraud charges forward.     


Written and reported by:
Rachel Horozewski
CPA, Public Accounting